Manmohan Singh is an Indian economist and politician who served as the Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014. He was born on September 26, 1932, in Gah, British India (now in Pakistan). Here are some key highlights of his life and career:
1. Education and Early Career: Manmohan Singh studied economics at Panjab University and later pursued his doctoral studies at the University of Oxford. He completed his D.Phil. degree in economics from Oxford, where he was a member of Nuffield College. He began his academic career as a professor of economics and later held various positions, including Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India.
2. Economic Reforms: Manmohan Singh is widely credited with implementing significant economic reforms in India during his tenure as the Finance Minister from 1991 to 1996. These reforms, often referred to as "liberalization" or "economic liberalization," aimed to open up the Indian economy to global markets, reduce government intervention, and promote economic growth.
3. Prime Ministership: In 2004, Manmohan Singh was sworn in as the 14th Prime Minister of India, heading a coalition government led by the Indian National Congress party. He served two terms as Prime Minister, making him one of India's longest-serving Prime Ministers. His tenure was marked by economic growth, though it faced challenges such as corruption scandals and policy disputes.
4. Foreign Policy: Manmohan Singh's tenure as Prime Minister saw efforts to strengthen India's relations with various countries, including the United States. He played a role in the Indo-U.S. nuclear deal, which aimed to enhance civil nuclear cooperation between the two nations.
5. Retirement: After completing his second term as Prime Minister in 2014, Manmohan Singh retired from active politics. He continued to be active in public life, offering his insights on economic and policy matters.
6. Honors and Awards: Manmohan Singh has received several awards and honors for his contributions to economics and public service. Notably, he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian award, in 1987.
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Manmohan Singh is often regarded as one of India's most distinguished economists and statesmen. His tenure as Prime Minister was marked by both praise for his role in economic reforms and criticism for certain policy decisions and alleged corruption scandals. His legacy continues to be a topic of discussion and debate in Indian politics and economics.